Saturday, 12 November 2011

Indo-Pak-China: A Comparative Development outlook


Indo-Pak-China: A Comparative Development outlook
Dr Balraj Bishnoi
This is to express development strategies and their outcomes of India, Pakistan and China after their emergence as an independent state. It compares the economic structure, development strategies adopted, history of reforms and economic outcomes of reforms. Here reveals the importance of deep, historically-rooted determinants of comparative economic development.  Advances and empirically establishes the hypothesis that migratory distance from the geographical origin of Homo sapiens in INDIAN Subcontinent & China, significantly affected the pattern of economic development across societies. In the course of advancing development" diffusion of humans into the Chinese counterpart, variation in migratory distance generated heterogeneity in the degree of intra-population genetic diversity, which, consistently with the economic trade-off associated with diversity, had a persistent non-monotonic effect on development outcomes in the post-Industrial Revolution era. The findings suggest that while the intermediate level of diversity prevalent among Indo-Pak & Chinese populations was conducive for development, the high degree of diversity among the trio of Asian  populations and the low degree of diversity among Native counterpart of our baby Pakistan populations is a detrimental force in the historical development of these regions.
                                                                         Variations in the interplay between cultural assimilation and cultural diffusion played a significant role in the advent of divergence and overtaking in the process of development. Economic development of Societies of Indo Pak & China that were geographically less vulnerable to cultural diffusion, benefited from enhanced assimilation, lower cultural diversity and, thus, more intense accumulation of society-specific human capital, enabling them to flourish in the technological paradigm that characterized the agricultural stage of development. The lack of cultural diffusion and its manifestation in cultural rigidity, however, diminished the ability of these economies to adapt to a new technological paradigm, which delayed their industrialization and, thereby, their take-off to a state of sustained economic growth. Finally,  the first cross-country empirical examination of the predictions of the influential Malthusian theory regarding population dynamics and income per capita stagnation in the post-Industrial Revolution/globalization era. Using exogenous sources of cross-country variations in land productivity and the timing of the liberalization era, the analysis demonstrates that, in accordance with the Malthusian theory, economy of these countries were characterized by higher land productivity and an earlier onset of agriculture had higher population densities.

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